Reduce the methanol permeability of hydrocarbon membranes have appeared

Reduce the methanol permeability of hydrocarbon membranes have appeared

In January 19, 2005 Tokyo International Exhibition Center BigSight opening of the laptop battery "1st International Fuel Cell Exhibition", the approach can reduce the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) the phenomenon of widespread infiltration of methanol (methyl alcohol by the very side of fuel to the infiltration of the air side of the phenomenon of extremely) of hydrocarbon-type electrolyte membrane appeared one after another. It is understood that the Hitachi Chemical Industries, Japan and Germany Hill, Mitsui Chemical, Nitto Denko and synthesis in East Asia toshiba battery such electrolyte membrane exhibited.

Hitachi Chemical Industries of the film on display, compared to the last category of fluoride membrane, the methanol permeability reduced to 1 / 100 (Figure 1). At 30 ℃ for 10% concentration of methanol, the methanol permeability for 0.002kg m2 / h, and the fluorine-type membranes, compared with 0.6kg m2 / h. "Even at 60 ℃ can achieve the same level" (Hitachi Chemical Industry), membrane resistance (thickness divided by the proton conductivity) is also "slightly more than F-type membrane" (Hitachi Chemical Industry). The company originally envisaged for the use of the concentration of 10 ~ 20% of methanol, and the successful development of this film. However, the company said will continue to develop in order to achieve the use of methanol and water, such as grams of weight, that is, around 60% concentration of methanol, it was introduced at this time the most efficient use.

Japan and Germany show the membrane Hill, compared to fluorine-type membranes, methanol permeability can be reduced to 1 / 5 ~ 1 / 10. Film Resistors (3 mol / L of sulfuric acid when the exchange frequency of 1kHz resistance), the film thickness 30μm the "BCM-210" for 0.18Ω cm2, film thickness 32μm the "BCM-211" for 0.14Ω cm2. Proton conductivity and fluoride alleged essentially the same type of membrane. Mitsui Chemicals has also exhibited in relation to fluoride-type membrane, methanol permeability of about 1 / 10, the same proton conductivity of the aromatic hydrocarbon membrane. East Asia is also on display in the synthesis of polyolefin porous membrane filled with a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon electrolyte membrane, methanol permeability of the membrane for the fluorine-type 1 / 5 ~ 1 / 10.

Nitto Denko is a display by the F-type material and hydrocarbon material from the membrane complex. Fluoride-like materials by electron beam irradiation, so that at the turn of Union (Cross Linking). After electron beam irradiation, separation and hydrogen fluoride, together with the hydrocarbon material to sulfonation. Methanol concentration of 40% of the conditions, the methanol permeability of the membrane for the fluorine-type 1 / 5. Proton conductivity at this time with the same fluorine-type membranes.

In addition, Nitto Denko will also be on display as the East Asia as in the synthesis of porous-type vector paraffin hydrocarbon distribution of the electrolyte membrane electrolyte. Mainly used for this membrane-type solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), the penetration of hydrogen fluoride type film down to 1 / 6 of the following, but also to meet the requirements of DMFC electrolyte membrane. On the other hand, the above described hydrocarbon DMFC membrane can be used applied to PEFC, for example, Japan has launched Deshan material design using the same technology developed hydrocarbon toshiba tecra a7 battery, toshiba tecra s2 battery membrane with PEFC.

These hydrocarbon-type electrolyte membrane are lower than the cost It is learned that fluoride type film. When mass production, Hitachi Chemical, said, "To achieve fluoride membrane-type 1 / 10 or so," Hill said Japan and Germany, "F-type film about 1 / 5 or so, but is expected to down to 1 / 10 ~ 1 / 20." Nitto Denko said "the cost must be lower than the fluoride type film."

In order to improve the type of electrolyte membrane and electrode affinity binder in the electrode material, the mountain and Japan and Germany put forward a Mitsui Chemicals program using hydrocarbons. DMFC and PEFC electrodes will be a catalyst for the use of adhesives and supports (carbon) made of cement. However, if the adhesive between the electrolyte membrane with poor affinity, the adhesive will drop. The past, the electrolyte membrane electrode also as adhesives, usually used fluoride-like materials. Japan's Mitsui Chemicals and Tokuyama, taking into account of this affinity, the on proposed hydrocarbon binder

Etching method to produce fuel cell separators

A few days ago in the "First International Fuel Cell Exhibition" (January 19, 2005 ~ 21, Tokyo International Exhibition Center BigSight), the display processing technology using etching metal samples of the fuel cell separator. "Compared with the stamping process, the shape of flow more accurate way to raise about a few" (the company). Cost than the stamping process, but a shorter delivery time than the stamping process is more suitable for small batch production of small partitions.

Etching process, the thicker plate the greater the amount of etching, so not suitable for the production of a large partition. Therefore, the technology for notebook PC, mobile phone and other small partition production equipment. It is now more than Precision Industry Company Hirai trial related products.

In addition, the stamping process in a short period of time should be more. However, because the processing needs of stamping die, when in small batch production, but rather etching process can be delivered more quickly. It also depends on the costs of production scale, the use of smaller quantities etching processing, a greater use of time stamping die to create processing, can effectively reduce costs. Of course, also subject to other conditions, but in general, about 10,000 in the use of etching process, when more than this number of stamping process is used.

The new fuel cell mobile phone calls can be two hours watching TV

A display of staff on January 21 in Tokyo at the International Fuel Cell Expo to display KDDI and its fuel-cell phone batteries used in methanol solution. Cooperative R & D battery, according to Hitachi said that the dell battery, dell latitude d620 battery. The prototype cell phone talk time is about 2-3 hours while watching TV.

Solar cell is about to usher in a huge market

Solar cell is about to usher in a huge market

Countries around the world are strongly encouraged the development of solar PV industry laptop battery. Solar causes of concern throughout the world, one important reason is: As a result of these years of solar PV efforts have polysilicon PV conversion rate reached 15%, monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic conversion rate is 20%, arsenic Gallium PV 25%, in the laboratory of the gallium arsenide photovoltaic cells made even as high as 35% -36%!

Rise in the cost of solar electricity highlights the advantages toshiba battery

In the international market, the current price of solar cells is about 3.15 U.S. dollars per watt, and system prices six U.S. dollars per watt, power generation cost of 0.25 U.S. dollars per kilowatt hour. In other words, solar PV power generation system costs, the United States in 1996 about the cost of coal from 4.8 to 5.5 cents / kWh for 5 times. Taking note of solar PV power generation costs in the desert region and the region in the bright sunshine duration of daily life are very different, so, in fact, the current cost of photovoltaic solar energy is coal-fired electricity costs about 5-8 times.

As a result of coal mining, transportation, use of the process, all or waste residue, waste water, discharges or emissions. Therefore, in calculating the cost of coal power generation, not only to calculate its internal costs, but also the social environment of pollution into account the price paid. In Europe, a 10-year study results showed that the external costs for coal-fired electricity will be as high as 2-15 cents / kWh, which can be calculated for coal-fired electricity "internal cost + external cost" will be from 7.3 to 24.25 cents / kWh, which is coal-fired electricity than 5 cents / kilowatt-hour increase of 50-350%! Therefore, if the cost of solar power generation can be reduced to 10 cents / kWh, it will have huge economic benefits!

There are price cuts of space solar cells

There are many people optimistic about the future of solar PV cells. That by 2020, the cost of photovoltaic cells from the current 25 cents / kilowatt-hour down to 10 cents / kilowatt-hour, it was stated that by 2010 could drop to 10 cents / kWh.

Existing solar PV power generation mode, the majority of the use of fixed position of the large-area flat-plate photovoltaic conversion mode. Extensive use of this model depends on large-scale low-cost and conversion rate of a certain supply of photovoltaic cells. However, if we can have a high conversion rate of the condenser light battery supply, that is, not only in the PV is usually irradiated by sunlight to maintain the 25-35% conversion rate of light but also under the conditions in the condenser, such as sunlight condenser 3-700-fold, and still maintain a high conversion efficiency and long working life, then (of course, the condenser must be accompanied by a light battery-efficient cooling system, or else they would be the sun ablation, will expect to use a smaller number of condenser batteries, photovoltaic power was greater. now in the international market has been such a condenser battery, about the price of an ordinary photocell 5-10 times, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is as high as 30 %. If the human can be such a large-scale production of photovoltaic concentrator, then the cost of solar photovoltaic power generation, will be able to track the sun moved to the condenser rotation and mirror called Tingri production and operation costs. So, people will can we expect "Tingri cheap and high conversion rate mirror + battery + high-efficiency condenser cooling system" of power generation mode, a large area than the existing flat-plate photovoltaic cells have greater room for price cuts.

Fuel cell vehicle popularization of the subject: to increase the distance for travel, reduce costs

"If we want to truly universal fuel cell vehicle, the biggest issue is to increase the traveling distance and continuous cost reduction toshiba tecra a3 battery, toshiba tecra a4 battery," in January 19, 2005 Tokyo International Exhibition Center BigSight opening of the "1st International Fuel Cell Exhibition" organized by the thematic technical seminar, Toyota Motor FC technology development of this FC so Kawai said the ocean.

The company's December 2, 2002 is limited to rental of the fuel cell vehicle "FCHV", the continuous moving distance in 10.15 mode for 300km. This is about filling 130L, 35MPa hydrogen value at the time. However, "when the actual driving, driving for a distance of more than 200 km" (Kawai). The petrol-engined car a minimum of 500km, hybrid Prius gasoline engine is running with the performance of a continuous 700km. So if not for the distance to travel about 500km, it is estimated will not be able to let consumers easily accept. FCHV and as such a large fuel tank 130L, "with no way to 'Vios' and' Corolla 'and other small vehicles." He frankly said that the need for higher energy density hydrogen storage technology. Even a 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen tank enough.

To this end, the company said it would cooperate fully with the global R & D institutions, to continue the development of high-pressure hydrogen tank, hydrogen storage alloy tank, liquid hydrogen tank, carbon nanotubes, as well as a variety of chemical hydride hydrogen storage technology. Goal is the same with the existing fuel tank size and weight conditions for the realization of the same driving distance of a row. Incidentally, the existing areas of high pressure hydrogen tank, 35MPa, 70L tank of hydrogen, such as the conversion of petrol by only 6L. 130L high-pressure hydrogen tank is only 12L.

Kawai also said that "if able to issue this type of hydrogen storage technology, installed in the car's the possibility of modification is very large." Modification is the subject of browser start-up time is too long. Now the need for petrol-engined cars will be able to start 0.1 seconds, very large gap. The main reason is that as the current fuel cell vehicle equipped with the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), will produce a large number of carbon monoxide, it will need time to clear it up.

The company is expected to improve the situation that one of the products that the company published in 2004, "hydrogen-based fuel cell membranes" (HMFC). From its start-up time less than 30 seconds theoretically. "First of all, hydrogen can be used as a filling or the auxiliary power (APU). And then, you can use it to create a 5 ~ 10 seconds to start the car"

"One Chutian": Dongfeng successful development of fuel cell vehicles

Dongfeng Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle "Chutian One," recently passed the acceptance. By the recall, and YI Bao-lian, Zhang Shourong three academicians of the expert group headed by that "Chutian One" vehicle to reach the domestic advanced level, and international level synchronization.

According to researchers, the "Chutian One" from "Elysee" modified cars toshiba tecra a5 battery, toshiba tecra a6 battery, the maximum speed of 103 kilometers. Its fuel cell engine uses a unique single-stack design, the size of the traditional engine, suitable for installation in the cockpit cars, car insurance can be the same shape and have high power, fast response, characterized by strong output power.

This is the second development of Shanghai's "beyond its" after the success of our research and development of a second type of fuel cell car-like vehicles.

Camera Battery Maintenance

Camera Battery Maintenance

Now, the camera is on laptop battery power. The use of batteries there are many places where attention should be paid so that the toshiba battery "longevity."

Clean the battery

In order to avoid the loss of electricity, you have to maintain contacts at both ends of the battery and battery lid clean inside. If the surface of dirty words, it is necessary to use soft, clean dry cloth to gently wipe off, must not use detergent solubility, for example, diluents or solvents containing alcoholic content, clean, your camera, batteries or is the charger.

Rechargeable battery

The charging time depends on the charger and battery used, and the use of factors such as voltage stability. Normally used for the first time to the batteries (or used for months without batteries) rechargeable, lithium batteries must be more than 6 hours, Ni-MH battery is more than 14 hours must be that it would be a shorter battery life. When the battery power when there is residual, so as not to repeat the charge to ensure that the battery life.

Battery life

The use of the process to avoid over-discharge situation. Have a discharge that is more than the limits of power consumption. Otherwise, even if the recharge capacity can not be completely restored, is an injury to the battery. As a result of over-discharge would result in battery efficiency, capacity reduction for this video cameras are equipped with battery alarm function. Therefore, in such cases there should be a timely replacement of batteries, as far as possible not to let the battery run out of a video camera automatically shuts down.

Save battery

If you do not use the camera a long time, we must separate from the camera or battery charger inside out, and fully discharged, and then stored in dry, cool environment, but also to avoid the battery with metal objects generally stored in together. In order to avoid short-circuit the toshiba satellite m40 battery, toshiba satellite m45 battery problem, the battery when not in use, the application of protective cover save.

Modern released the second generation fuel cell Tucson SUV

Los Angeles, California, has just opened in Los Angeles auto show, Hyundai Motor Company's Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Project (FCEV) Group has released its second generation with fuel cell vehicles - Tucson FCEV. This car than its predecessor, the Santa Fe FCEV technically significant progress.

Tucson FCEV's driving mileage than the Santa Fe FCEV has doubled, and further extended to 300 kilometers (about 186 miles), which is mainly due to its with the 152 liters (40 gallons) of hydrogen fuel storage tank, this device is by the Canadian Industrial Dynete developed.

In addition, the Tucson FCEV fuel cell in the current car is only a start in the sub-zero models. Been tested and proved that the car can be for five days in temperatures of -20 degrees Celsius to normal startup. By contrast, with 72 liters of hydrogen fuel storage tank of the Santa Fe FCEV lacks cold weather start in the capacity.

Car than its predecessor a little light, and its maximum power is also higher than the St. 5 kilowatts to 80 kilowatts, the maximum speed of 150 km, and Santa Fe is 124 kilometers.

Its other advanced technologies including a higher output fuel cell and a newly developed lithium-ion polymer battery. Hyundai's general manager in charge of product development KimSang-Kwon said: "this fuel cell vehicle in the technical progress of the whole project is a very good forward step."

Hyundai plans to carry out large-scale three-month test period. Modern in Oakland, California Edison and Southern California, United States Technical Center has a modern, but the activities of these tests will eventually be carried out in other regions. Kim said: "When the project to a new stage, we will test the large-scale production of higher-capacity fuel cell vehicle, which ultimately produced for our commercialization of fuel cell vehicles a solid step forward."

May be "wearing" come out of solar cells

Canadian scientists recently invented a weaving clothing can "wear" the body of the solar cell material. Shirt If you use this material, it can also act as a portable power supply for charging mobile phones and notebook computers.

The inventor of the battery materials, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Toronto professor Sargent said the batteries can use the sun's infrared light to produce electrical power, and in cloth, paper or other material that constitute a flexible thin film surface . Films can be woven into the shirt or sweater that used to charge mobile phones and other items.

Sargent said that the battery is used in infrared photovoltaic energy conversion technologies, and its solar energy conversion efficiency is 5 times the existing methods. It can be 30% of solar energy into electricity. This toshiba satellite m50 battery, toshiba satellite m55 battery can be used at night. Sargent said: "even if the days seem to be black, there are also a number of infra-red energy."

Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles the road in Wuhan

Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles the road in Wuhan

At 8:45 on January 8, a Dongfeng-brand silver hydrogen fuel cell vehicles' Chutian One ' laptop battery, from the Wuhan University of Technology Pegasus Plaza exit slowly. To the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, recall, and YI Bao-lian, Zhang Shourong such as academicians, led by three of the Group of Experts adopted 'Chutian One' acceptance. This indicates that China's hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle technology R & D success.

Chutian One 'by the Dongfeng Motor Corporation and the Wuhan University of Technology developed jointly completed. Dongfeng Automobile Company financed 1000$, Wuhan University of Technology research to integrate technology resources in schools. After two years of hard work toshiba battery, by the Elysee sedan modified fuel cell electric vehicles' Chutian One 'has finally come out, following the development of Shanghai's' beyond its' after the success of our research and development of a second type of fuel cell car-like vehicles .

Compared with the ordinary automobile engine, 'Chutian One' of the fuel cell engine with high power, fast response, characterized by strong output power, the maximum speed of more than one hundred kilometers, close to the traditional engine of its size, totally suitable for installation in the car the cockpit. Acceptance of the Expert Group to participate in that, 'Chutian One' has a completely independent autonomous intellectual property rights, the vehicle reached the advanced level in synchronization with the international level. The experts proposed to speed up the fuel cell electric vehicles industrialization process, as soon as possible fuel cell electric vehicle technology into practical productive forces.

It is understood that the hydrogen fuel cell technology based on hydrogen as fuel, rely on hydrogen and oxygen in the air a chemical reaction to produce electrical power. As a fuel cell powered electric vehicles, electric vehicles, the modern family in an up and comer. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles emit only water, not carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other harmful gases, a fundamental solution to the constraints of the automotive industry to develop energy and environmental problems, China's automotive technology will bring about the development of a deep-rooted revolution .

It is reported that hydrogen fuel cell technology has three advantages. First, will help alleviate the problem of energy scarcity, the use of fuel cell vehicle technology can achieve the diversification of energy structure and ease pressure on oil imports. Second, it helps alleviate the problem of automobile exhaust pollution. Thirdly, it is conducive to the development of China's automobile industry. Through the development of fuel cell electric vehicle technology, and developed countries to reduce the gap between the automotive industry.

Hong Kong in March from the implementation of the rechargeable battery recycling, "product responsibility schemes"

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, said the pollution problems of waste batteries, the Government decided to "product responsibility schemes" to expand and will be in March in many parts of Hong Kong set up the whole recycle bin to collect all the old rechargeable batteries, a comprehensive recovery and separation for recycling. As for the "one-off" the battery, the Government said that Hong Kong landfills are lined with impermeable liners wastewater recycling system, no plan to start the recovery plan of disposable batteries.

Environmental Protection Department spokesman said authorities have set up a working group co-ordinating the work of the relevant recovery plans to recovery of the rechargeable battery of other products, including notebook computers, mobile phones and digital cameras, sent abroad in the classification after the battery recycling facility for recycling.

The spokesman stressed that no plans to start recycling of disposable toshiba satellite m100 battery, toshiba satellite m105 battery, but will start charging the battery recycling scheme, and depending on the availability of suitable facilities and recycling way to re-consider whether the scheme was further extended to disposable battery. Authorities, field battery recycling scheme, there are only a rechargeable battery recycling or recycling of all batteries. For example, recycling of all batteries in Taiwan, while the United States-based rechargeable batteries are recycled.

It is reported that the Government of the product liability voluntary plan to start in April 2002 to recover the main mobile phone batteries, mobile phone and battery manufacturers to provide the necessary organization and costs, the Government will assist in the implementation of the scheme. Battery recycling by the classification will be sent abroad for recycling battery recycling facilities, has been recovered about 8.6 tons of batteries, of which 7.5 tons have been shipped to overseas recycling facilities.

Mobile phone battery recovery and recycling schemes to prove rechargeable battery recycling operation in the technology and viable, and support of the industry. Therefore, it is considered that other products, rechargeable batteries, such as notebook computers, mobile phones, digital cameras and so on, similar arrangements can also be recovered.

Flexible plastic solar cell is expected to charge a shirt made of equipment

Researchers at the University of Toronto have invented a flexible plastic solar cells, it was allegedly converted to solar power more efficient than existing methods to five times higher.

Research team leaders, electricity and computer engineering professor, said Sargent, the battery can take advantage of the sun's infra-red, and can be cloth, paper and other flexible material layer formed on the surface membrane. This layer membrane can be 30% of solar energy into electrical energy available than is currently the most efficient application of the plastic solar cells (6%) are much better.

"As a result of this battery has the flexibility to use solar energy conversion materials, plastics and fibers to weave together the synthetic fiber similar to the existing, and then processed them into clothing, can cause wear on the body of the solar cells," said Sargent It can be said that this is the portable power.

Sargent also said that such material can be used in a shirt or sweater for the cell phone charger and other equipment.

The new toshiba satellite m110 battery, toshiba satellite m115 battery on the results of the study published in the Sun "natural materials" journals. Sargent said that he is currently looking for investors to this invention into a commercial product. If they can produce cheaper, more widespread application of solar cell products, it would be a major breakthrough.

Large-capacity capacitor is expected to replace the current battery

Large-capacity capacitor is expected to replace the current battery

No need to replace the use of semi-permanent

Traditional rechargeable laptop battery electrolyte and the electrode as a result of the adoption of the chemical reaction between to produce electricity, so charging a certain amount of time it takes. After several charge and discharge, the gradual decomposition of the electrolyte, deterioration of materials, performance also declined, the use of a few years are to be replaced.

In contrast, capacitors do not have a chemical reaction, can be stored directly into electricity. Charge is not only a very short time required, but also in the instantaneous release of large amounts of current, a large output power. Since the charge and discharge can be repeated hundreds of thousands of times, so basically no need to replace toshiba battery, you can use semi-permanent.

However, the original low-energy density capacitors exist shortcomings, if the current so strong can not long remain. Therefore, like the original button-type capacitors as small-scale products, only as a memory, such as electronic equipment components to the use of standby power.

In recent years, increased energy density of the large-capacity capacitors have come out in succession, but also increases the size. Therefore be limited to the scope of application, such as hybrid electric trucks are less stringent requirements on the size of the product. Demonstration of the above-mentioned activities of the capacitors fall into this category, the length and width is 20cm, the thickness of about 5cm.

Development from the recent trend, substantially reduce the size of capacitor batteries have been just around the corner. Because the energy density is expected to nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries and a considerable level. Batteries size Ni-MH battery products have been widely available. In other words, fast charging, the use of semi-permanent rechargeable battery size has also been expected to be reduced to only the size of batteries.

Directly to the power stored up

The principle of electric double layer capacitors are generally like this: in the applied voltage to charge from the carbon cathode used in the release of the negatively charged electron. Lose electrons become positively charged part of the space (hole), it can attract anions in the electrolyte.

E-flow through the collector anode, and electrolyte cation bonding with each other to attract. With the anion hole, electronic and cation continued to maintain the size of a few atoms from the (electric double layer). This is the storage of state power, even if the charge will not stop changing.

When the capacitor connected to the electrical equipment on the power supply, the electronic return to positive from negative ion electrode left. And charge e moving in the opposite direction completely mobile and the formation of current. Does not occur as a result of chemical reactions, and so we can charge and discharge in a timely fashion.

The reason why the performance of battery-capacitor can be increased because the improved performance can be effectively capacitor circuit, as well as the carbon electrode materials used. This development has been the president of Power Systems by Michio Okamura conducted. Okamura in Okamura 1987, founded the Institute (in November 2004 with the merger of dynamical systems), since 1992 to study how the electric double layer capacitors used in power storage.

In order to effectively play the moment the current release of a great advantage, at the time on how to reduce the internal resistance of capacitors have been carefully studied. Because they take into account that if the high internal resistance there will be more energy into heat energy, thereby reducing the efficiency of charging and discharging. On the other hand, to reduce the internal resistance, then it is difficult to increase the energy density.

Okamura, who then proceed with the development of priority to improve the energy density of carbon materials. Despite the high internal resistance, but through the circuit to curb energy into heat. The final "performance increased by 20 times" (Okamura). Okamura this circuit by the new composition of materials and storage system named "ECaSS".

Okamura again later founded the Institute as the center, and 20 would like to ECaSS utility company into a joint development. Electric double layer capacitor is able to close the energy density nickel-metal hydride batteries, mainly due to the birth of this process the carbon material. This is determined by Okamura, one of the Institute and its partners - physical and chemical equipment manufacturers to develop the Japanese electronics out.

Ion into carbon materials

Electric double layer capacitor electrode is used in the original high-temperature treatment of carbon through the formation of the activated carbon. As the surface of numerous small hole, so as the electrode, increase the use of plasma in contact with the surface area, can store more electricity. However, irregular hole size is the problem pa3399u-2brs battery, toshiba satellite a100 battery. Hole too difficult to bring into full play, then the efficiency per unit area, is too small, then the same again and there is no hole.

Increase in contact area of activated carbon, the researchers found that a particular phenomenon. If a longer period of time after high temperature treatment of carbon materials as electrodes, even if not a small hole can store several times more than electricity.

After a survey found that the carbon ions in the internal, open a line of its own nano-size (1 nanometer = one billion per 1 meter) level of the small hole. According to deliberately create the phenomenon of carbon materials, Okamura be named as the "carbon nano-gate."

Okamura then with the Japanese Institute of Electronic and continue their research, but published the results of the first is the Japanese electronics. And the realization of the door using the carbon nano-carbon technology, exclusive materials, in October 2003 made a substantial increase in energy density capacitors.

Japanese electronics capacitors capacitor technology development subsidiary of the High (ACT) company management Jiangkou Minister Junichiro explained: "through the use of manufacturing methods and molecular structure is totally different from the original carbon, making the energy density per unit area of activated carbon to achieve the original 10 around times. "affected by the impact of this news, shares of Japanese electronics trading for five days.

Power Systems has also developed the use of carbon nano-gate capacitor technology, product performance improvement than the original. Estimated that the two companies will start mass production in 2005, Japan Electronics goal is to reach 50 in 2006 billion yen in the business size, and power systems are planned for the business year 2007 to more than ¥ 10,000,000,000. Okamura said, smiling: "Now through the trial stage at last, begun to consider the issue of commercial sales."

But the subject is facing the biggest cost. The two companies that "can significantly reduce the cost of production" (ACT president usamii enjoy), but the internal capacitor unit for at least the current average price is tens of thousands of yen. In other words, in order to increase the capacity and will be processed into units side-by-side box, prices will reach the number of ¥ 100,000 to several million yen.

Seize the hybrid market

Therefore the companies have to consider and give full play to the advantages of large output power, hoping to form a high-volume production, such as for hybrid sales. As the energy density per unit volume of lithium-ion batteries can not keep up with, such as capacitors are not suitable for small devices like mobile phones. At the moment is to be applied to small-scale equipment for the goal to improve, to intensify the effect of the adoption of mass production to reduce costs.

Although the case, but has a rechargeable battery from the phone to the hybrid in a variety of fields have been widely used. At the same time, new technology available, such as NEC has developed a short charging time of the rapid organic battery. Rechargeable battery market in the first ranking of the Institute of Sanyo Electric energy meters long Jin Yu Lang insisted that: "(capacitors) the inadequacies of many has been overcome, at the same time has been the development of rechargeable batteries."

While the cost side is not yet resolved, but the performance of the capacitor has been raised, one side is already in volume production, cost also has been recognized by rechargeable batteries. Capacitor is finally standing on the starting line of the battery with the lead between the rechargeable battery is expected to gradually shorten the distance.

Mitsubishi solid oxide fuel cell

Japan's Mitsubishi Materials and Kansai Electric Power recently successfully developed a good durability of the new solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), even if the 1000 hours continuous operation, voltage drop rate is still zero (Figure 1, 2). +800 ℃ in temperature the following work, the power of 1kW. The use of city gas fuel. Mitsubishi Materials is responsible for 1kW-class power generation modules, Kansai Electric Power is responsible for the development of power generation systems.

For the use of fuel cell power generation system, NEDO (Japan Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) has developed a year ago in 2007 the realization of 10kW-class system in continuous operation after 3000 hours, 1000 hours per average rate of voltage drops below the target 0.25% . The two companies said that "products developed by NEDO of not less than the target."

In addition, developed by Mitsubishi Materials of 1kW-class power generation modules, an improved internal structure, so that power generation efficiency (LHV: low calorific value) from a substantial increase of 55.3% to 57.6% toshiba satellite a105 battery, toshiba satellite a80 battery. This value is "hot self-state (in the fuel, air and water heated to the temperature required for power generation, but also to maintain the temperature of power module)" of the value, the company referred to as the "realization of the world's highest level of power efficiency" .

As a practical issue of performance, Mitsubishi Materials and Kansai Electric Power cited (1) to increase power generation; (2) to improve the efficiency of electricity generation; (3) to improve the durability of 3:00. Based on the success of this development, in the power generation efficiency and durability, the two sides that "has reached the practical level." In future, efforts to improve power generation at the same time, the load will change as well as the repeated start-up and shutdown operating conditions at a time when changes in performance can be tested, to further improve the performance of power modules. "In preparation for the end of 2006 for medium-sized shops and small factories and other units, the introduction of 10kW ~ 100kW-class power generation system"

To the fast charge batteries and power forward

To the fast charge batteries and power forward

1 minute charge to drive a small notebook battery computer running nearly a half an hour - in October 2004 held in Makuhari MESSE the IT Expo "CEATEC JAPAN", such a demonstration of the fast charge has become a topic of concern.

General notebook computers to the rechargeable battery fully charged at least 1 hours. But "electric double layer capacitors" substantially shorten the time.

No need to replace the use of semi-permanent

Traditional rechargeable hp battery electrolyte and the electrode as a result of the adoption of the chemical reaction between to produce electricity, so charging a certain amount of time it takes. After several charge and discharge, the gradual decomposition of the electrolyte, deterioration of materials, performance also declined, the use of a few years are to be replaced.

In contrast, capacitors do not have a chemical reaction, can be stored directly into electricity. Charge is not only a very short time required, but also in the instantaneous release of large amounts of current, a large output power. Since the charge and discharge can be repeated hundreds of thousands of times, so basically no need to replace, you can use semi-permanent.

However, the original low-energy density capacitors exist shortcomings, if the current so strong can not long remain. Therefore, like the original button-type capacitors as small-scale products, only as a memory, such as electronic equipment components to the use of standby power.

In recent years, increased energy density of the large-capacity capacitors have come out in succession, but also increases the size. Therefore be limited to the scope of application, such as hybrid electric trucks are less stringent requirements on the size of the product. Demonstration of the above-mentioned activities of the capacitors fall into this category, the length and width is 20cm, the thickness of about 5cm.

Development from the recent trend, substantially reduce the size of capacitor batteries have been just around the corner. Because the energy density is expected to nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries and a considerable level. Batteries size Ni-MH battery products have been widely available. In other words, fast charging, the use of semi-permanent rechargeable battery size has also been expected to be reduced to only the size of batteries.

Mentioned in the beginning of this article is the demonstration of power systems from Japan (Yokohama, Tsuzuki District) conducted by the company to develop the land Jyuren Minister said: "Our goal is to reduce the drive to the capacitor size laptop until the battery size is only the size of auxiliary .

Directly to the power stored up

The principle of electric double layer capacitors are generally like this: in the applied voltage to charge from the carbon cathode used in the release of the negatively charged electron. Lose electrons become positively charged part of the space (hole), it can attract anions in the electrolyte.

E-flow through the collector anode, and electrolyte cation bonding with each other to attract. With the anion hole, electronic and cation continued to maintain the size of a few atoms from the (electric double layer). This is the storage of state power, even if the charge will not stop changing.

When the capacitor connected to the electrical equipment on the power supply, the electronic return to positive from negative ion electrode left. And charge e moving in the opposite direction completely mobile and the formation of current. Does not occur as a result of chemical reactions, and so we can charge and discharge in a timely fashion.

The reason why the performance of battery-capacitor can be increased because the improved performance can be effectively capacitor circuit, as well as the carbon electrode materials used. This development has been the president of Power Systems by Michio Okamura conducted. Okamura in Okamura 1987, founded the Institute (in November 2004 with the merger of dynamical systems), since 1992 to study how the electric double layer capacitors used in power storage.

In order to effectively play the moment the current release of a great advantage, at the time on how to reduce the internal resistance of capacitors have been carefully studied. Because they take into account that if the high internal resistance there will be more energy into heat energy, thereby reducing the efficiency of charging and discharging. On the other hand, to reduce the internal resistance, then it is difficult to increase the energy density.

Okamura, who then proceed with the development of priority to improve the energy density of carbon materials. Despite the high internal resistance, but through the circuit to curb energy into heat. The final "performance increased by 20 times" (Okamura). Okamura this circuit by the new composition of materials and storage system named "ECaSS".

Okamura again later founded the Institute as the center, and 20 would like to ECaSS utility company into a joint development hp nx6120 battery, hp nx6125 battery. Electric double layer capacitor is able to close the energy density nickel-metal hydride batteries, mainly due to the birth of this process the carbon material. This is determined by Okamura, one of the Institute and its partners - physical and chemical equipment manufacturers to develop the Japanese electronics out.

Ion into carbon materials

Electric double layer capacitor electrode is used in the original high-temperature treatment of carbon through the formation of the activated carbon. As the surface of numerous small hole, so as the electrode, increase the use of plasma in contact with the surface area, can store more electricity. However, irregular hole size is the problem. Hole too difficult to bring into full play, then the efficiency per unit area, is too small, then the same again and there is no hole.

Increase in contact area of activated carbon, the researchers found that a particular phenomenon. If a longer period of time after high temperature treatment of carbon materials as electrodes, even if not a small hole can store several times more than electricity.

After a survey found that the carbon ions in the internal, open a line of its own nano-size (1 nanometer = one billion per 1 meter) level of the small hole. According to deliberately create the phenomenon of carbon materials, Okamura be named as the "carbon nano-gate."

Okamura then with the Japanese Institute of Electronic and continue their research, but published the results of the first is the Japanese electronics. And the realization of the door using the carbon nano-carbon technology, exclusive materials, in October 2003 made a substantial increase in energy density capacitors.

Japanese electronics capacitors capacitor technology development subsidiary of the High (ACT) company management Jiangkou Minister Junichiro explained: "through the use of manufacturing methods and molecular structure is totally different from the original carbon, making the energy density per unit area of activated carbon to achieve the original 10 around times. "affected by the impact of this news, shares of Japanese electronics trading for five days.

Power Systems has also developed the use of carbon nano-gate capacitor technology, product performance improvement than the original. Estimated that the two companies will start mass production in 2005, Japan Electronics goal is to reach 50 in 2006 billion yen in the business size, and power systems are planned for the business year 2007 to more than ¥ 10,000,000,000. Okamura said, smiling: "Now through the trial stage at last, begun to consider the issue of commercial sales."
But the subject is facing the biggest cost. The two companies that "can significantly reduce the cost of production" (ACT president usamii enjoy), but the internal capacitor unit for at least the current average price is tens of thousands of yen. In other words, in order to increase the capacity and will be processed into units side-by-side box, prices will reach the number of ¥ 100,000 to several million yen.

Seize the hybrid market

Therefore the companies have to consider and give full play to the advantages of large output power, hoping to form a high-volume production, such as for hybrid sales. As the energy density per unit volume of lithium-ion batteries can not keep up with, such as capacitors are not suitable for small devices like mobile phones. At the moment is to be applied to small-scale equipment for the goal to improve, to intensify the effect of the adoption of mass production to reduce costs.

Although the case, but has a rechargeable toshiba battery from the phone to the hybrid in a variety of fields have been widely used. At the same time, new technology available, such as NEC has developed a short charging time of the rapid organic battery. Rechargeable battery market in the first ranking of the Institute of Sanyo Electric energy meters long Jin Yu Lang insisted that: "(capacitors) the inadequacies of many has been overcome, at the same time has been the development of rechargeable batteries."

While the cost side is not yet resolved, but the performance of the capacitor has been raised, one side is already in volume production, cost also has been recognized by rechargeable batteries. Capacitor is finally standing on the starting line of the battery with the lead between the rechargeable battery is expected to gradually shorten the distance.

Published in the Los Angeles auto show of modern second-generation fuel cell SUV

Los Angeles, California, has just opened in Los Angeles auto show, Hyundai Motor Company's Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Project (FCEV) Group has released its second generation with fuel cell vehicles - Tucson FCEV. This car than its predecessor, the Santa Fe FCEV technically significant progress.

Tucson FCEV's driving mileage than the Santa Fe FCEV has doubled, and further extended to 300 kilometers (about 186 miles), which is mainly due to its with the 152 liters (40 gallons) of hydrogen fuel storage tank, this device Industry Canada Dynetek developed.

In addition, the Tucson FCEV fuel cell in the current car is only a start in the sub-zero models. Been tested and proved that the car could be the fifth consecutive day in -20 degree Celsius temperatures and normal to start. By contrast, with 72 liters of hydrogen fuel storage tank of the Santa Fe FCEV lacks cold weather start in the capacity.

Lithium cobalt processing high value-added products

At present, the size of my little lithium cobalt production has reached more than 20, if the companies reported in accordance with the capacity, the nominal production capacity has reached more than 10,000 tons in 2003, Lithium cobalt production is about more than 3000 t, 2004 years is expected to reach 5000 ~ 5400t. Cobalt currently on the market price of about 43 ~ 440,000 yuan / t, while cobalt is only 60% of lithium cobalt price of about 41 ~ 420,000 yuan / t, which is easy to see why the production of lithium cobalt rush of business One of the reasons is the rapid development of domestic pa3399u-1brs battery, marketable products, the reasons for the Second Lithium cobalt processing high value-added products.

Sensitized type solar cells available

Sensitized type solar cells available

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Japan Peccell Technologies Inc. successfully developed about 12cm × 12cm, the output voltage above 4V, 0.1A output current over-type dye-sensitized solar cells, starting in 2006 suppliers of industrial samples. The company is based on Yin-Tung University, Graduate School of Yokohama Miyasaka Professor Li as the central risk of the establishment of enterprises, in addition to the company’s investor Yam Tong University and Miyasaka, there are islands of chemicals and Showa Denko hp battery, Fujimori industries.

To promote the dye-sensitized solar cells use and development objective is to achieve output voltage lithium-ion rechargeable battery level. In order to enhance the output voltage, in the 12cm square panel of six batteries in series the unit, the unit is said to seal in the isolation of the development of materials encountered many difficulties. Photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.3% ~ 5.2%.

12cm square of the current solar panel production cost of about ¥ 700 (about 54 yuan). To switch to other alloys used in electrode materials to replace the high cost, such as platinum, the lower production costs. There is no alloy composition of the public. In 2006 before the supply of industrial samples, production costs will be reduced to ¥ 300 (about 23 yuan) around. In order to further cut costs, also plans by changing the synthesis methods, 1g to about ¥ 100,000 (about 7700 yuan) of the expensive pigment to about ¥ 20,000 (about 1500 yuan) / g.

Sharp metal roof will be listed on the integration of solar cell modules

Sharp announced on September 14, October 1 from the beginning of the listing without frame units can be directly over the roof of the “metal roof of a solar cell module body.” Divided into 5-watt type “NE-53Y1N” and 4-watt type “NE-38Y1N” two. Price for ¥ 26,880 (about 2070 yuan) and ¥ 22,050 (about 1700 yuan). Monthly production target of 2 million units.

Mainly oriented to Yamagata cap surrounded by cone-shaped roof and the roof installation. The use of steel roofing and solar modules to form one, direct coverage of the roof of the “cover construction method.” As the need to set up as the original bench, from the first class will be able to install the module roof Department. In particular, it is surrounded by cone-shaped roof, the largest installed capacity can be raised by 2 into.

In addition, the roof opened as there is no need can be completed as construction, it reached the lower construction costs and shorten the duration of the purpose of angle can also be expected to reduce processing cost. The design of the roof materials and solar cells using the separation may be based on the structure need to be replaced in the event of disasters and accidents are easy to maintain.

Roofing production Japanese JFE Steel’s “wing-watt.” With light weight, and corrosion characteristics of steel plate Galbarium (from aluminum, lead and silica sub-components of the plating alloy steel) for high durability coating. In addition, use of anti-seismic and wind design.

Canada to develop new hydrogen fuel cell hp nc6200 battery, hp nc6220 battery vehicle

With oil prices rising, more and more people began to research alternative energy. Canadian scientists have made in this regard to explore useful.

Rui Canadian scientists led by a scientific team believes that a very human hope that the fuel will be hydrogen, because the existence of hydrogen in the face of the earth relatively wide, every drop of water contain hydrogen, and the use of hydrogen will not pollute the environment.

The research group has taken innovative action is to use hydrogen to generate electricity, so as to create a driving force for the vehicle.

This idea has given rise to the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration's attention, and was used in spacecraft.

This success has increased the confidence of the group, they decided to study the issue of motor vehicle fuel.

This 30 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is their latest research results. These vehicles will be sent to 10 countries in Europe for testing.

Rui group of scientific and technical personnel such as paper, as one end of the fuel cell Add hydrogen, oxygen Add the other end, after a chemical reaction can produce electricity and water. In this way, there will be a driving force for car.

In this study, the timely and effective input to hydrogen cars is the key, but hydrogen is a more dangerous gases, to take care of their needs, can not be added at gas stations and other places. At the same time, a fuel cell capable of producing less than 1 watts of electricity, a car needs more than a hundred of these fuel cells.

Experts predict that if this hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can be widely promoted, then a variety of cost reduction will be effective.

Rui optimism that only 10 years, this technology will be able to enter the hp nc6230 battery, hp nx6110 battery practical stage.