Lead-acid batteries on the environment pollution
Electric bicycle to the green environmental protection, light weight, in line with the purchasing power of China's working-class urban residents have been popular laptop battery, but such a convenient means of transport in many cities has been blocked. The reason is actually used hp batteries for electric bikes blame.
According to environmental experts, not emissions from electric bicycle, but it is lead-acid batteries used in the pollution of the environment is much more serious than automobile exhaust. Lead-acid batteries by the lead, sulfuric acid and some other metal and plastic components, waste battery acid contains high levels of lead, not only a serious indiscriminate discharge of contaminated soil and water, on the air, damaging the ecological balance, but also lead to human metabolism, areas such as reproductive and neurological diseases, the body once the excessive lead content, will lead to mental decline, induced by malignant tumors of children, and even death.
Data show that the electric bicycle, the lead-acid batteries are consumables, brand batteries use 1 ~ 2 years to be replaced, and some non-brand-name batteries to be replaced for six months. Conservative calculation, the general use of lead-acid batteries in large cities over 200,000, and the rapid growth momentum. To this end, a number of provinces and cities clear that environmental protection departments, the market for electric bikes, where the use of lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, all from production through distribution unit, a unified cross-production deal with; Where to buy a new battery must pay Back to waste the battery, or not to sell a new battery.
It is learned that the majority of electric bike stores sell pipe regardless of recovery, the recovery of batteries that store, and some are not shipped back to manufacturers, but sold the collection of waste. Lead-acid batteries have been taken when the waste scavengers sell a lot of toxic dumping of acid being seriously polluted the environment. Electric Bicycle manufacturers and dealers are not interested in on the battery recycling them? Electric bicycle manufacturers, a person in charge frankly, discarded lead-acid battery manufacturers for the production or valuable, but the heavier the battery, back to business of dangerous goods in accordance with the charges, each of the price of electric vehicles do not recycling enterprises to increase the cost of the last hundred dollars. Who is law-abiding operators who suffer, it is the manufacturers and dealers are not interested in root causes.
The face of a worsening pollution problem in lead-acid batteries, they have suggested that radical measures must be taken. Norms on the one hand, manufacturers, distributors of battery recycling, processing acts, on the other hand, the establishment of pollution in large cities Treatment Center. The only way to tackle pollution caused by lead-acid batteries, electric bicycles can be blocked from the fate.
Portable solid oxide fuel cells available in the United States
The United States before the successful development of portable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC: Solid OxideFuelCell). To propane gas for fuel, a fuel filling each about 24-hour continuous power output of 50W. The battery in November 1, 2004 to 5 in San Antonio, Texas (SanAntonio) at the "FuelCell Seminar" on the public.
Fuel cells known as "Revolution50". The idea of fuel cells for such purposes as "soldiers equipped with the fuel supply, the portable rechargeable battery system, outdoor lighting and advertising systems, vending machines, and electric power tools and so on material supply, the portable rechargeable hp pb994a battery, hp nc6110 battery charging system , outdoor lighting and advertising systems, vending machines, and electric power tools and so on.
SOFC with high power generation efficiency, but also need to reach operating temperature of the high temperature 1000 ℃. NanoDynamics through ceramic materials in battery cell technology and design to increase R & D efforts can be relatively low in some of the 600 ℃ ~ 850 ℃ under the drive. Characteristics, the company said, "the battery unit of output power per unit area density of 1W/cm2. Units the energy density of weight 3000Wh/kg" (Blakely). Thin-film materials such as self-development of the company.
Dalian-tube solid oxide fuel cell development to make a breakthrough
Dalian the use of low-cost preparation of inorganic membrane technology successfully prepared tube solid oxide fuel cell, single-tube cell open circuit potential up to 1.0V above 800 ° C, 0.7V under more than 25W of output power. The tube-type cell research breakthrough for the development of solid oxide fuel cell power plant and the concentration of dispersed power plant has laid a foundation for key technologies.
Solid oxide fuel cell using natural gas, city gas, liquefied petroleum gas, biomass gasification gas as fuel, the fuel chemical energy into electricity efficiently. As a result of solid oxide fuel cell with fuel-rich, clean and efficient, can be characterized by cogeneration can be widely used in large-scale power plants, distributed power plants, power plants, such as family, is considered to change the future power plant technology.
Solid oxide fuel cell membrane electrode configuration of the main plate and tube. Tube-type battery has good stability, ease of amplification module, suitable for the establishment of power stations, but the electrolyte membrane electrode electrochemical vapor deposition in general (EVD) technology to prepare, cost expensive. Therefore, the development of low-cost tube-type membrane electrode manufacturing technology, the development of solid oxide fuel cell power plant is crucial.
Direction in the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Science and Technology project, supported by cast in solid oxide fuel cell membrane electrode forming the base, electrolyte and cathode coating film coating technologies, such as the preparation made significant progress, the success of the preparation Φ8mmx500mm tube -based membrane electrode. At the same time, study and solve the single-tube flow cell and sealed set of technical issues, the battery is good for repetition priming, high reliability. In the tube during the preparation of membrane electrode, the use of low-cost preparation of inorganic membrane technology, abandoning the high-cost vapor deposition (CVD) and the EVD technology, a significant reduction in the tube of Preparation of the cost of hp nc6120 battery, hp nc6140 battery, battery type for the future of technology industries development and solid oxide fuel cell has laid a good practical use of the technology base.
Showing posts with label hp battery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hp battery. Show all posts
Monday, June 29, 2009
The rapid development of the international battery industry demand for a sharp increase of cobalt
The rapid development of the international battery industry demand for a sharp increase of cobalt
At present, the use of cobalt metal production of cobalt salts and cobalt powder 10 enterprises have a total capacity of 1850 tons / year, the average annual domestic demand for cobalt in about 3000 tons, accounting for the total consumption of cobalt laptop battery 10%, is one of the world Cobalt sony battery, one of the main consuming countries.
China cemented carbide, diamond tools production accounted for first in the world, the consumption of relatively large cobalt, about 2,000 tons. Cobalt in the cemented carbide powder is mainly used in the binder, the average content of about 10%, consumption in China has reached 800 tons / year, accounting for the National Co-33% of total consumption, and nearly 5.4% per year rate increase.
In recent years, international and domestic battery as a result of the rapid development of industry, a sharp increase in the amount of cobalt powder. Since 2002, China's battery industry demand for cobalt powder has more than cemented carbide industry, become the largest consumer of cobalt industry.
Demand from foreign markets, since the 90's last century, the world's consumption of cobalt has been in an upward trend, with an average annual growth of 2.6%. In 1998 alone, the world's cobalt consumption reached 29,500 tons. According to the information reported in the next few years the world's cobalt powder to increase the consumption of about 8,000 ~ 10,000 tons, a sharp increase in usage.
United States: the use of waste water bacteria-powered fuel cell-sony vgp-bps2 battery, vgp-bps2a battery birth
Recently, the Pennsylvania State University environmental engineer Bruce Logan and his team invented a use of water to power fuel cells, and can purify the water supply project.
Battery is the core of the bacteria in the sewage. Bacteria in the decomposition of compounds in wastewater, it will have a certain amount of energy. Oxidation process will be the release of electronics, they are collected in the fuel cell will produce a small current. Now cup the size of model can generate enough current for the use of a small fan. Within a year or two, there are filing cabinets of the fuel cell the size of the emergence of a minute to purify a gallon of water, but also to a standard power supply of the family refrigerator.
In this experiment, a new power generation methods, and the bacteria of the fuel cell is very economical and practical, can be solved most people's needs.
NanoDynamics has developed portable solid oxide fuel cell
U.S. NanoDynamics, Inc. In Texas, San Antonio (San Antonio) at the "Fuel Cell Seminar" published on the development of portable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell). Will be propane gas (propane gas) for fuel, a fuel charge after about 24 hours a 50W output power.
Fuel cell known as the "Revolution 50". The company said that the fuel cell can be used to "carry soldiers and equipment to the supply of fuel, can be used as a portable rechargeable battery system, outdoor lighting and advertising systems, vending machines and power tools such as power" (the company's Chief Executive Officer Keith A. Blakely).
SOFC power generation is characterized by high efficiency, while operating temperature up to about 1000 ℃. NanoDynamics said ceramic materials through improved technology and module design, will be available at 600 ℃ ~ 850 ℃ lower temperature drive. On the characteristics of the product, the company said that the "unit of output per unit area density of 1W/cm2. Units the energy density of weight 3000Wh/kg" (Blakely).
Domestic fuel cell bus evaluation completed 3000 kilometers
From Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences to develop the fuel cell engine has made significant progress, the second generation of 60kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine completed 150 hours of Tsinghua University hybrid joint debugging, loading the engine city bus to complete a total of 3000 kilometers mileage evaluation.
It is reported that the second generation of 60kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine used variable improved operation, Tsinghua University, completed in early 2004, integrated installation of city bus, driving the success of an urban traffic routes in real operation. Airport in Beijing, the vehicle-specific performance test vgp-bpl2 battery, and hp 372772-001 battery the fuel cell engine for rated output power of 60kW, the maximum net output power of 72kW, the maximum stack output power up to 94kW; fuel cell city bus mileage total of 3127km, a top speed of 70km / h, maximum daily mileage 303 kilometers, the test results are to achieve the desired goals, setting a national fuel cell city bus new record.
At present, the use of cobalt metal production of cobalt salts and cobalt powder 10 enterprises have a total capacity of 1850 tons / year, the average annual domestic demand for cobalt in about 3000 tons, accounting for the total consumption of cobalt laptop battery 10%, is one of the world Cobalt sony battery, one of the main consuming countries.
China cemented carbide, diamond tools production accounted for first in the world, the consumption of relatively large cobalt, about 2,000 tons. Cobalt in the cemented carbide powder is mainly used in the binder, the average content of about 10%, consumption in China has reached 800 tons / year, accounting for the National Co-33% of total consumption, and nearly 5.4% per year rate increase.
In recent years, international and domestic battery as a result of the rapid development of industry, a sharp increase in the amount of cobalt powder. Since 2002, China's battery industry demand for cobalt powder has more than cemented carbide industry, become the largest consumer of cobalt industry.
Demand from foreign markets, since the 90's last century, the world's consumption of cobalt has been in an upward trend, with an average annual growth of 2.6%. In 1998 alone, the world's cobalt consumption reached 29,500 tons. According to the information reported in the next few years the world's cobalt powder to increase the consumption of about 8,000 ~ 10,000 tons, a sharp increase in usage.
United States: the use of waste water bacteria-powered fuel cell-sony vgp-bps2 battery, vgp-bps2a battery birth
Recently, the Pennsylvania State University environmental engineer Bruce Logan and his team invented a use of water to power fuel cells, and can purify the water supply project.
Battery is the core of the bacteria in the sewage. Bacteria in the decomposition of compounds in wastewater, it will have a certain amount of energy. Oxidation process will be the release of electronics, they are collected in the fuel cell will produce a small current. Now cup the size of model can generate enough current for the use of a small fan. Within a year or two, there are filing cabinets of the fuel cell the size of the emergence of a minute to purify a gallon of water, but also to a standard power supply of the family refrigerator.
In this experiment, a new power generation methods, and the bacteria of the fuel cell is very economical and practical, can be solved most people's needs.
NanoDynamics has developed portable solid oxide fuel cell
U.S. NanoDynamics, Inc. In Texas, San Antonio (San Antonio) at the "Fuel Cell Seminar" published on the development of portable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell). Will be propane gas (propane gas) for fuel, a fuel charge after about 24 hours a 50W output power.
Fuel cell known as the "Revolution 50". The company said that the fuel cell can be used to "carry soldiers and equipment to the supply of fuel, can be used as a portable rechargeable battery system, outdoor lighting and advertising systems, vending machines and power tools such as power" (the company's Chief Executive Officer Keith A. Blakely).
SOFC power generation is characterized by high efficiency, while operating temperature up to about 1000 ℃. NanoDynamics said ceramic materials through improved technology and module design, will be available at 600 ℃ ~ 850 ℃ lower temperature drive. On the characteristics of the product, the company said that the "unit of output per unit area density of 1W/cm2. Units the energy density of weight 3000Wh/kg" (Blakely).
Domestic fuel cell bus evaluation completed 3000 kilometers
From Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences to develop the fuel cell engine has made significant progress, the second generation of 60kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine completed 150 hours of Tsinghua University hybrid joint debugging, loading the engine city bus to complete a total of 3000 kilometers mileage evaluation.
It is reported that the second generation of 60kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine used variable improved operation, Tsinghua University, completed in early 2004, integrated installation of city bus, driving the success of an urban traffic routes in real operation. Airport in Beijing, the vehicle-specific performance test vgp-bpl2 battery, and hp 372772-001 battery the fuel cell engine for rated output power of 60kW, the maximum net output power of 72kW, the maximum stack output power up to 94kW; fuel cell city bus mileage total of 3127km, a top speed of 70km / h, maximum daily mileage 303 kilometers, the test results are to achieve the desired goals, setting a national fuel cell city bus new record.
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